Sudan+Infrastructure+Projects

=China's USD 3 Billion Framework Agreement Indicates Chinese Will Highly Likely Continue To Invest In Corresponding PNGSM Infrastructure Projects Over The Next Five Years=

Executive Summary:
China has a long history with Sudan and its natural resources, and getting those out of Sudan resources required corresponding infrastructure projects. In the last five years the Chinese government made a USD 3 billion framework agreement with the Sudanese government, indicating a continued investment in corresponding Sudan PNGSM infrastructure projects for the next five years. Projects like the 2009 China EXIM Bank's USD 220 million export credits for the construction of the Renk-Malakal road, which is part of a bigger USD 650 million project by Sinohydro, who valued the contract at USD 350 million, linking Khartoum to Western states in Darfur. These projects all fall under the USD 3 billion agreement, benefacting Sudan and its infrastructure while still allowing China to maintain its strong ties to Sudan's PNGSM.

Discussion:
The USD 3 billion agreement encompasses many past projects in Sudan that will set a precedent for the future corresponding PNGSM infrastructure projects by the Chinese over the next five years. In 2009 there were four major projects all falling under the agreement, and all of the projects upgraded or constructed the poor Sudanese roads. The biggest project financed by the Chinese EXIM Bank for USD 220 million worth of export credits was the construction of the185 km Eldibeibat - EI Fula Road in Northern and Southern Kordofan States. This smaller project was part of a much bigger project worth USD 650 million network linking Khartoum to Western states in Darfur, with the contract valued by Sinohydro at USD 350 million and duration of 42 months.

China Poly Group Corporation signed an agreement to construct the El Fashir - Um Kaddada road. The China Exim Bank financed the project with export credits worth USD 96 million. China Chongqing International Construction Corporation (CCICC) signed a contract with Sudan to build a 211 km long road that joins Kordofan with Darfur and is part of the Western Salvation Road. The China Exim Bank also financed this project with export credits worth USD 122 million.

Miscellaneous Infrastructure Projects
 * **Date** || **Price (USD)** || **Location** || **Key Chinese Companies Involved** || **Description** || **Corresponds To** ||
 * 4 November 2009 || 24 million || Dali, Sudan || China CAMC Engineering Co., Ltd and China EXIM Bank || Implementation of a water supply project || Misc. ||
 * 2009 || Unknown || South Kordofan State || CMEC and China EXIM Bank || 630 km long transmission line located in South Kordofan State. This project also involves the construction of 8 new transformer substations and expansion of 3 existing one || Misc. ||
 * December 2008 || 120 million || Zalingei-El Geneinah road || CGC and China EXIM Bank || Construction of the Zalingei-El Geneinah road || Misc. ||
 * 29 June 20011 || Darfur || River Atbara || Chinese Deputy Minister of Commerce || Development fund and construction of bridges on River Atbara || Misc. ||
 * 2013 || 27 million || Asossa-Kumruk Road || Unknown || 100 km highway connecting the Ethiopian town of Asossa with the Sudanese town of Kumruk || Misc. ||

**Analytic Confidence: **
Analytic confidence for this assessment is high. Source reliability ranges from medium to high. There is no conflict between sources. The analyst had low expertise, worked alone but collaborated with a team, and did not use structured analytic methods. The subject is moderately complex and the deadline was moderately difficult to meet.


 * Analyst**: David Bott